What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

The case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is significant because it established the principles of national supremacy and implied powers, which have had a lasting impact on the relationship between state and federal governments. In this landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had the authority to create a national bank, even though the Constitution did not explicitly grant this power. This decision underscored the idea that Congress could implement laws that are necessary and proper to execute its enumerated powers, thus supporting the use of implied powers.

The concept of national supremacy is evident in the ruling, as it determined that state laws could not impede valid constitutional acts of Congress. The case set a precedent that the federal law takes precedence over state law when there is a conflict, reinforcing the hierarchy of government authority established by the Constitution. This ruling has allowed for a broader interpretation of the powers of the federal government, which has significantly shaped American federalism and governance.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the primary outcomes of this case. While McCulloch v. Maryland did not focus on the scope of the Bill of Rights or judicial review, its emphasis was squarely on defining the interaction between state and federal powers, making the correct