What are the two methods for ratifying an amendment?

The correct answer identifies the two established methods for ratifying an amendment to the Constitution. The first method involves the approval of three-fourths (¾) of state legislatures, which means that at least 38 out of the 50 states must vote in favor of the amendment for it to be ratified. This process reflects the federal structure of American government by involving the states directly in the amendment process.

The second method is through ratifying conventions, where specially convened events in a certain number of states (again, three-fourths) can be used to approve an amendment. This method is less common but was notably used for the 21st Amendment, which repealed Prohibition.

These methods reflect the Constitution's intent to ensure that amendments have broad support across diverse state interests, thereby reinforcing the federal structure.

In contrast, the other options suggest processes that are either not part of the Constitution or not viable for amending it. A national vote is not a constitutionally recognized method for ratification, nor can amendments be directly approved by the President or solely through majority rule in state assemblies. Understanding these foundational processes is crucial for grasping how changes to the Constitution are implemented and the importance of consensus in a federal democracy.